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The Glottalic Theory holds that Proto-Indo-European had ejective stops, , instead of plain voiced ones, , of traditional Proto-Indo-European phonological reconstructions. A forerunner of the theory was proposed by the Danish linguist Holger Pedersen in 1951,〔Holger Pedersen, ''Die gemeinindoeuropäischen und vor indoeuropäischen Verschlußlaute'' (1951), Copenhagen: Munksgaard.〕 but did not involve glottalized sounds. While early linguists such as André Martinet and Morris Swadesh had seen the potential of substituting glottalic sounds for the supposed plain voiced stops of Proto-Indo-European, the proposal remained speculative until fully fleshed-out theories were simultaneously but independently published in 1973 by Paul Hopper of the United States in the journal ''Glossa'' and by Tamaz V. Gamkrelidze and Vyacheslav Ivanov of the Soviet Union in the journal ''Phonetica'' in 1972. The Glottalic Theory "enjoyed a not insignificant following for a time, but it has been rejected by most Indo-Europeanists."〔Benjamin W. Fortson IV, ''Indo-European Language and Culture'' (2nd edition, 2010), Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, pp. 59-60.〕 The most recent publication supporting the Glottalic Theory is Bomhard (2008 and 2011) in a discussion of the controversial Nostratic hypothesis, and its most vocal proponents today are historical linguists at the University of Leiden. An earlier supporter, Theo Vennemann, has abandoned the theory because of incompatibilities between it and his theory of the Semitic origins of Germanic and Celtic (e.g. Vennemann 2006). == Traditional reconstruction == The traditional reconstruction of Proto-Indo-European includes the following stop consonants: ' is parenthesized because it is at best very rare and perhaps nonexistent. Historically, this inventory was not introduced as an independent proposal, but instead arose as a modification of an earlier, typologically more plausible theory. In the original Proto-Indo-European proposal, there was a fourth phonation series, voiceless aspirated , assumed to exist on the basis of what is found in Sanskrit, which at the time was thought to be the most conservative Indo-European language. However, it was later realized that this series was unnecessary and was generally the result of a sequence of a tenuis stop () and one of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeal consonants, in other words either , , or . The aspirate series was removed, but the breathy voiced consonants remained. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「glottalic theory」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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